ANSWERS Bible Study » Gospel of Mark

-GOSPEL OF MARK

Dr. D — Sun, 01 Apr 2012 07:01:17 +0000

Lessons:

LESSON 1: Into. LESSON 2: Overview LESSON 3: Mark 1

LESSON 4: Mark 2 LESSON 5: Mark 3 LESSON 6: Mark 4

LESSON 7: Mark 5 LESSON 8: Mark 6 LESSON 9: Mark 7

LESSON 10: Mark 8 LESSON 11: Mark 9 LESSON 12: Mark 10

LESSON 13: Mark 11 LESSON 14: Mark 12 LESSON 15: Mark 13

LESSON 16: Mark 14a LESSON 17: Mark 14b LESSON 18: Mark 15

LESSON 19: Mark 16:1-8 LESSON 20: Mark 16:9-20

LESSON 20: Mark 16:9-20

Dr. D — Sat, 12 Jul 2008 22:52:41 +0000

(Revised 7/12/08)

**Note: All of the modern English versions of the Bible have noted that Mark 16:9-20 is not contained in some of the earliest and most reliable NT manuscripts and verses 9-20 have come to be known as the ‘Longer Ending’ of Mark. But what exactly does that mean for us–for those who believe, read, study, and teach the Bible? Let’s take a look at this issue:

All of the textual critics in the last 50 yrs., who have spent a lifetime looking at the ancient texts in the original languages, have cited problems with the manuscript record of 9-20. Nearly every major Bible scholar from every major seminary, including all of the Evangelical and conservative schools I am aware of, also observe that there are some problems, though they may disagree on what those problems really are.

Every Bible translation committee of every new English version made in the last 50+ yrs., some with 100’s of respected scholars, have supported some kind of notation about the difficulties in the textual history of verses 9-20.

The earliest mention of 9-20 in early Christian literature comes from Irenaeus (184) and Tatian’s Diatessaron in 172. Justin Martyr (160) may have earlier alluded to the passage but that is far from certain. Jerome did include the verses in his Latin Vulgate translation in 383 AD and that was probably one of the primary reasons it was ultimately included in the canon. However, later in life he did observe that many of the Greek manuscripts did not have the verses in question.

The lack of reference to 9-20 before 160 AD is cited as a reason to suspect that the verses were a rather late addition. Those who support the verses, rightly point out that this is only evidence ‘from silence’ and not entirely conclusive.

Many scholars believe that a final page of the original manuscript may have been lost since the Gospel does not seem to end very well at verse 8, while some do hold that the original could well have ended at that verse. Other scholars have observed that the words, style, and content of verses 9-20 seem to have been written by a different author and view the verses as an early attempt to ‘finish’ the Gospel. They note that Verse 9 seems rather abrupt in its continuation of the story.

To complicate the issue, there is also an alternate ending (called the ‘Shorter Ending’) that appears in some manuscripts. The textual evidence for this ending is even later and weaker–which seems to accentuate and prove that there is some sort of problem with the original text–here’s the entire reading:

“But they reported briefly to Peter and those with him all that they had been told. And after this Jesus himself sent out by means of them, from the east to west, the sacred and imperishable proclamation of eternal salvation.”

This does not mean that all these scholars are necessarily correct. In fact, it is all rather subjective and there is little agreement between all of them, except that 9-20 was probably not part of the original. Also, there are some who champion the verses–here is a link to one Pastor who presents substantial evidence in support of 9-20.

Conclusions: Most scholars believe that the original ending may have been lost, if it didn’t end at verse 8, and that these verses (9-20) could have been a later attempt by someone else to ‘finish’ the Gospel. Presently, we don’t know for sure when these verses became part of the text, and probably never will know this side of Heaven and barring any providential textual discovery.

What does this mean for Christians who believe that the Bible is the Word of God, including the Gospel of Mark? Should verses 9-20 be taken out of the Holy writ? For all practical purposes, the opinions of all the ‘scholars’ seems to border on that and leave us hanging with what we should do with the verses. Plus, there is no ultimate Christian forum today that can address a canonical issue like this.

What I believe and how I believe we should respond to the text:

1. The verses were part of Mark when it was canonized by the church.

2. I have preached and ‘teached’ (taught) using this text in the past and will continue to do so– It continues to be part of the canon as far as I am concerned, though the difficulties should always be noted.

3. I personally believe that verses 9-20 were probably written in the first century and reflect authentic early Christian apostolic tradition and should continue to be recognized as part of Mark, even if they were probably written by a different author.

4. I would caution however, that these verses should never be a major ‘stand alone’ text for creating theology and practice. For example, the sects who use snakes in their worship and cite verse 18 are beyond the pale.

16:9-20 : The Appearances and Ascension of Jesus

Verses 9-20: Verses 1-8 record the Resurrection Sunday events through the eyes of the women ( Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome) who came early to tomb to prepare the body of Jesus. While the major emphasis and focus of Verses 9-16 are the appearances and the ascension of the resurrected Lord.

Vs. 9 The verse seems to bring a rather abrupt change of direction. While verses 1-8 record the experiences of three women with the angel at the tomb. Verse 9 singles out Mary Magdalene as having a direct encounter with the resurrected Lord. Other Gospel Records: Matt. 28:1-10 has the same order of events as Mark but records that “Mary Magdalene and the other Mary” went to the tomb and encountered the angel and then both later met Jesus. Luke 24:1-11 mentions that the women came to the tomb and saw two angels but doesn’t record the appearance of Jesus to the them. John records for us a more complete account of the events of the day in John 20. In Gospel of John, Mary Magdalene encountered the Lord during a second trip to the tomb while she lingered and wept outside.

Mary Magdalene- “from whom he had cast out seven demons.” Interestingly, the mention of the ’seven demons’ in connection with Mary Magdalene is information that was never given earlier in Mark. This is cited by many as one of the examples in 9-20 that may indicate that ‘the longer ending’ probably had a different author, than the rest of the Gospel, that depended on other sources. It is mentioned Luke 8:2.

Vs. 10-11 Though earlier in verse 8, the women didn’t tell anyone because they were afraid, here Mary Magdalene boldly tells the disciples that she has seen Jesus but they do not believe her.

It is interesting, given the prevailing culture, that Jesus appeared to a woman first. In first century Judea, the testimony of a woman was not respected or considered to be equal to the word of a man. It still is that way in the Muslim Middle East.

Vs. 12-13 Here the appearance to two traveling on the road is mentioned. The whole story is recorded in Luke: 24:13-35. The disciples don’t believe them either.

Vs. 14 Jesus finally appears to the eleven and rebukes them for their unbelief.

Vs. 15-16 Here a shorter version of The Great Commission (Matt. 28:18-20) is given: “Go into all the world and proclaim the gospel to the whole creation”.

Whoever ‘believes’ and “does not believe” is the major issue in verse 16. Those who don’t believe cannot be saved but are condemned.

Secondarily, I believe that the verse supports the importance of following the command to be baptized. Baptism should naturally follow belief and commitment to Jesus. The Great Commission in Matt. 28:18-20 records that his servants are called to:

1. Make disciples of all nations

2. Baptize

3. Teach them to observe the commandments

Notice that Baptism, in the Matthew ‘Commission’, has a prominent part to play in the discipleship process according to Jesus.

So many seem to de-emphasize the importance of baptism. It has become an after thought and a once-a-year practice in many churches today. It is probably a reaction to some of the sects and cults (like the Mormons) who teach that baptism is necessary for salvation.

Unfortunately, some try to use verse 16 as a text for proving their view of Baptism– as necessary for salvation. Again, the verse should not be twisted in that way, the central subject is “believes” and “does not believe”. It doesn’t say that those who are not baptized are condemned, but those who do not ‘believe’.

Vs. 17-18 The promise of ‘signs’ is distinctive to the longer ending and is not found in any other Gospel. It is reflective of the experience of the early church in Apostolic times as recorded in the book of Acts and in church history. Many of us today believe that the church should continue to reflect apostolic practices and teachings.

Casting out demons and the gift of Tongues (Acts 2) were a major feature of the early apostolic church. Paul was bitten by a poisonous snake and survived (Acts 28:4-5). He healed the sick through laying on of hands (Acts 28:8-9) along with others, and James says to call for the elders (James 5:14-15).

While drinking deadly poison is never mentioned in scripture, there are stories and traditions about early Christians being forced to drink poison and surviving which are alluded to early Christian literature.

Vs. 19 Here the ascension of Jesus is recorded. It also mentioned in Luke 24:51 and Acts 1:9-11. Jesus ‘at the right hand of God’ was also observed by Stephen as he was being martyred in Acts 7:56 (though Jesus was standing in that case).

“At the right hand of God” -symbolizes and demonstrates the divine authority that Jesus shares with God the Father.

Vs. 20 Mark 16:9-20 ends with a clear response by the disciples. They went out and followed through by preaching the Gospel everywhere. Also, miraculous signs supported their message and ministry.

Many in Charismatic and Pentecostal circles today observe that Jesus continues to personally work with his church. Also, that he continues bless us with signs, wonders, and healings which accompany and confirm the preaching of the Gospel today in all the World. Therefore, for many Christians, the message of Mark 16:15-20 continues to be confirmed in the life of the church.

*Top

JOEL: 1:13-14 A Time For Repentance

Dr. D — Mon, 01 Oct 2007 05:24:16 +0000

1:13-14 A Time For Repentance

Vs 13 Joel is declaring to the priests that it is time for them to repent. With the coming of the locust plague, those who administer the daily grain and drink offerings in the temple are out of business. All they can do is put on Sackcloth and cry out in repentance before the Lord directly.

Vs 14 Joel also tells the priests to call for an official fast, to notify the elders and all the people of the land that now is the time for everyone to cry out to the Lord in repentance.

Joel, in his prophetic role, sees in the locust plague a judgment from God over the whole land and people. According to the prophet Joel, it is time for the whole nation to repent.

Today when natural disasters strike, the last thing that people want to hear is that it could be a judgment from God. Most of the time it probably isn’t, but if a minister does declare that the event could be a judgment, than he or she is always ridiculed. However, in the last days according to the scriptures, God will bring major judgments upon the whole earth. In those days, He will also send his prophets once more to declare his word and his judgment. *Top

LESSON 19: Mark 16:1-8

Dr. D — Sun, 01 Apr 2007 05:54:32 +0000

To read the verses studied below, just type in each verse or verses wanted, in the Bible Search to the left —–example: Mark 16:1—–>

Mark 16: -Things You Don’t See Every Day:

Vs. 4- Stone was rolled away

Vs. 5- Angel was in the tomb

Vs. 6- Jesus has risen -he is resurrected

16:1-8 The Resurrection of Jesus

Vs. 1-3 The two Marys and Salome went to the first Sunday morning sunrise service on Resurrection Day. The three women were at the crucifixion: Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joses, and Salome who was the mother of the Zebedee brothers- James and John (Matt. 27:56). Now they were going to the tomb to show their devotion to Jesus and complete the anointing of his body for burial. On the way they were wondering who was going to move the stone away from the tomb once they got there.

Vs. 4-5 When they got to the tomb the rock was already rolled away from the entrance. When they entered, there was a young man dressed in a white robe sitting there. Matthew identifies him as an angel (Matt. 28:2). The woman were taken back and alarmed at this unexpected sight.

Vs. 6-7 The angel speaks to them:

“Do not be alarmed. You seek Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified. He has risen; he is not here. See the place where they laid him. But go, tell his disciples and Peter that he is going before you to Galilee. There you will see him, just as he told you.”

Vs. 8 The women responded to the message with fear and trembling and actually were afraid to tell anyone. Luke 24:9-11 tells us that the woman did go back and tell the eleven but the apostles did not believe.

Comment: The disciples and apostles of Jesus really were not expecting a resurrection. The woman went to the tomb to complete the preparations for burial that they were not able to do earlier because of the Sabbath. The brave men were back at the upper room hiding out.

Even though Jesus had spoken repeatedly about rising again on the third day, they were not expecting or even hoping for a resurrection. When Jesus finally did appear to them, it changed everything and the world hasn’t been the same since.

This is the earliest Gospel account of the Resurrection. The Gospels written later have all sorts of details and testimonies left out of this brief account. The earliest written account and testimony of the Resurrection of Jesus is found in the writings of Paul, I Corinthians 15: 1-8. Paul testifies that he saw the Lord, Peter and the Twelve also, James and over 500 on one occasion. Most were still alive at the writing of the letter.
*Top

LESSON 18: Mark 15

Dr. D — Thu, 01 Feb 2007 06:09:17 +0000

To read the verses studied below, just type in each verse or verses wanted, in the Bible Search to the left —–example: Mark 15:1—->

Mark 15 -Things You Don’t See Every Day:

Vs. 38 Curtain of the Temple is Torn in two. (supernatural)

Vs. 39 Centurion prophetically proclaims: Truely this man was the Son of God!

Vs. 1-15 Jesus On Trial: Before Pilate

Vs. 1-5 The Sanhedrin had made it’s decision. Now they send Jesus to Pilate hoping that he will agree to carry out their sentence. However, Pilate is not about to rubber stamp their condemnation. He proceeds to judge for himself. The Jewish leaders say that this Jesus was claiming to be the Messiah- an heir of King David. If so, then this could be treason and this Jesus might be leading a revote against Rome. The chief priests made all sorts of charges against this Jesus but the ‘King’ charge is the only one that really concerns him. Pilate asks Jesus: “Are you the King of the Jews?”

Jesus barely responds: “You have said so.” Then he declines to answer any further. This is totally shocking to Pilate. However, he sees no real basis for condemning this man to death. At this point in the Gospel of Luke, Pilate finds out that Jesus was from Galilee so sends him off to be judged by Herod Antipas the Tetrarch ruler over that area.

Vs. 6-14 Herod sends Jesus back and honors Pilate with the responsibility for this man. Pilate then seeks to find a way to release Jesus since he finds no merit in the charges. He decides to offer him up as the prisoner who receives the traditional reprieve for Passover. However, the chief priests stir up the crowd to ask for the release of Barabbas instead. The plans of Pilate are frustrated. Even worse, Barabbas really was an insurrectionist against Rome and a robber. He really did deserve his sentence.

Pilate then asks the crowd what he should do with Jesus: “Then what shall I do with the man you call the King of the Jews?” The crowd responses: “Crucify him.” Pilate asks: “Why, what evil has he done?” But the crowd continues to shout all the more: “Crucify him.”

For years, I have wondered who the people were that made up this crowd. After all, a few days ago people were cheering Jesus as a King when he came into Jerusalem riding on a donkey. Also, the chief priests were afraid of the people and were careful to arrest Jesus in the middle of the night hoping to prevent a riot. Neither did they challenge Jesus and stop him from clearing and teaching in the Temple. The crowd must have been comprised of zealot supporters of Barabbas and stooges of the Sanhedrin.

Vs. 15 Pilate is left with few alternatives. He decides to make the best of a bad situation and gain the favor of the Jewish religious leaders. He already said that Jesus really wasn’t guilty of anything and yet he sentences Jesus to be crucified. Note: The Gospel of Matthew records the famous scene of Pilate washing his hands of the situation. Nevertheless, the legal and moral responsibility remained all his. He could have released Jesus, he had the power.

The Gospel of John (19:1-6) tells us that he had Jesus scourged first before he brought him back and asked: “…what shall I do with the man you call the King of the Jews?” Pilate was probably hoping that the punishment would be enough to satisfy them. Anyone who saw the movie: “The Passion“, observed how brutal that punishment really was. However as it turned out, Jesus ended up suffering through both.

Vs. 16-21 The Mocking of Jesus by the Roman Soldiers

Vs.16-20 The Roman soldiers came and led Jesus away to the Army headquarters in the Palace. Notice it says that the whole battalion was called in. Obviously they were concerned about any possible backlash from the followers of Jesus.

Several soldiers were probably guarding Jesus when he was being judged by Pilate. They heard the claim that he was supposed to be some kind of ‘King of the Jews’ and told the rest of their company about Jesus.

The Roman soldiers stationed in Judea generally despised the Jews because they acted so uppity and usually treated them as untouchables. Here was their chance to have some fun with one of these royal pains. From a Jewish perspective, the Romans were occupiers and oppressors. Also, the more religious, like the Pharisees did not want to have anything to do with ‘Gentiles’ in general because they considered them to be ‘unclean’.

A purple robe was a sign of wealth and royalty. Purple cloth was difficult and expensive to produce in the ancient world. It could well have been one of Pilate’s old robes that he had thrown away. It is hard to imagine that they would have put a robe like that in good condition on Jesus. Notice the games that the real King of the universe had to endure: mock homage and salutes, mixed with spitting and striking-a real scene of revelry.

Finally they take the robe away and put his own clothes back on him and then lead him away to be crucified.

Vs. 21 It was customary for condemned man to carry his own cross through the streets of Jerusalem on out to the hill outside the city gates where the prisoners were executed-called Golgotha. Along the way Jesus was no longer able to carry his own cross, so the soldiers grabbed a passerby and forced him to carry it for Jesus.

Mark identifies the cross bearer as Simon of Cyrene. Cyrene was an important city in what is today Libya, and had a large Jewish community at the time. So Simon could have been a Jewish pilgrim visiting in Jerusalem for the Passover. It is also possible that he lived in Jerusalem but was known as Simon of Cyrene because he originally came from there. This could be the case, since Mark and his readers were acquainted with his two sons Alexander and Rufus who obviously were part of the Christian community when the gospel was written.

Vs. 22-28 Details of the Crucifixion Setup

Vs. 22 They took Jesus to Golgotha (place of the skull). It was probably so named because it was a rounded hill top that was devoid of vegetation. In Jerusalem today there is a hilltop thought to be the possible location with impressions beneath that remind one of eye sockets. The actual site of course is uncertain.

Vs. 23 They offer Jesus wine mixed with Myrrh, but he doesn’t take it. Tradition is that pious women in Jerusalem provided the wine as an anesthetic to all condemned criminals as an offering of mercy. Jesus chooses to face death with a clear mind. Besides, he had told his disciples at the Last Supper that it was the last time he would eat or drink with them in this life.

Vs. 24-25 “And they crucified him..” -Meaning that they nailed him to the cross and placed it upright in position. In the process, the soldiers stripped him of his clothes and gambled over his garments. A fulfillment of Psalm 22:18. “And it was the third hour..” -That would place the time at around 9:00 am in the morning.

Vs. 26 The Roman charge against Jesus was treason- that Jesus was perceived to be a contender for the throne of Judea: “The King of the Jews”. In Roman executions it was traditional to have a sign made up with the charge, called the ‘titulus’ in Latin, which was carried with the prisoner to the execution site and then nailed above his head for all to see. The title: “King of the Jews” rankled the Jewish leaders as we can see in John’s account (John 19:19-22). Pilate was obviously pulling their chains. However, the title is accurate. Jesus was the heir of David and he is coming one day to literally reign in Jerusalem.

Vs. 27-28 Jesus was placed between two ‘robbers’. The Greek word here for robber can also mean “insurrectionist”. Since mere robbery was not a capitol offense, some scholars believe that the second word is the preferred meaning. Many historians believe that the execution was previously arranged with Barabbas in mind (he was a ‘Zealot’ insurrectionist), Jesus was inserted into the plan as a substitute. The Romans many times would crucify criminals together that were guilty of similar crimes. Barabbas would have been at home with this group while Jesus stands out as unique. Which is fitting.

Verse 28 is missing in all of the earliest and most reliable Greek manuscripts. Most scholars believe that it was a notation made by a copyist that was inserted into the text in later copies. All of the modern editions of the Bible have either dropped the verse or footnoted it. Nevertheless, it does represent a truth, the placing of Jesus between the two robbers could be considered to be a fulfillment of Is. 53:12. Also, Luke 22:37 does record it.

Vs. 29-41 The Crucifixion Experience

Vs 29-32 It is hard to imagine what Jesus was feeling while he was dying on the cross and all these people were standing around making fun of him. How barbaric! It is difficult for me to understand how people could be that way while a person is obviously suffering and dying. Some of the recent scenes of terror and videotaped beheading from the Middle East seem to be in the same category. How does one learn to hate in this way? I thank God for the Holy Spirit which leads all believers to love one another and even their enemies.

“Come down for the cross” -what a diabolical taunt. The fact is he did save others and it was in his own power to save himself. What a temptation! The chief priests and scribes are challenging him here to come down and demonstrate that he really is the Messiah. He could have done it and what a surprise that would have been. What would they have said then? Would they have finally believed? Probably not. Nevertheless, he followed the plan of his Father and died on the cross for everyone and for all time.

As a final insult, even those dying on the cross next to him were involved in the taunting. Luke tells us that later one of the criminals recanted and received a promise of life in Paradise from Jesus.
Vs. 33-41 The Death of Jesus

Vs. 33 Darkness fell upon the whole land from noon to 3 PM as Jesus was dying on the cross.

Vs. 34-36 At 3 PM Jesus cried out in Aramaic: “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” -this is a direct quote of Psalm 22:1. Some of the bystanders misunderstood what Jesus said and thought that maybe he was calling for Elijah to come and save him.

Most Bible teachers believe that it was at that very moment that God the Father placed upon his Son Jesus, all the sins of the world of every generation from the beginning to the end. For the first time in his life, Jesus was feeling the agony of separation from his Father. The scriptural penalty of sin is eternal separation from God. At that moment, Jesus paid the penalty for us all.

Sour wine was part of the daily allotment of the Roman soldiers, so it would have been readily available. John 19:28 tells us that Jesus said: “I thirst” -so the wine was probably given in response.

Jesus cries out and then dies. John records the last cry as: “It is finished” (John 19:30). Mathew tells us that immediately there was an earthquake (Matt. 27:51).

Vs. 38 At the death of Jesus, the great curtain that separated the holy of Holies from the rest of the temple was torn in two. Only the High Priest was allowed to enter the holiest place once a year, the presence of God was said to be there. The rendering of the door that separated one from the presence of God symbolized the beginning of a new covenant. A covenant where regular people could have access to the Father through faith and commitment to the Son. A human intermediary or priest is no longer needed. Jesus himself being both our High Priest and the sacrificial lamb bringing atonement for our sins, for now and forever.

Vs. 39 A Roman centurion testifies: “Truly this man was the Son of God!” Whether the Roman meant it in the way that we Christians read it today is uncertain. Nevertheless, it was a prophetic statement of truth. One wonders how all the chief priests and scribes were responding to the darkened sky and to the earthquake that shook their precious temple and really changed the perception of their religion forever. After all, there is no longer any temple and the temple sacrifices have ceased long ago (since 69/70 AD).

Vs. 40-41 It is interesting that a number of women are mention here that followed Jesus from Galilee and did not shrink from being present at his execution. There is no doubt that they may have been hoping for a different ending. Nevertheless, they were faithful to Jesus to the very end. Mary Magdalene we are familiar with, and Salome is the mother of the Apostles James and John. However, Mary the mother of James the younger and Joses, we know of only here at the crucifixion.

This does leave us with some questions. Where were all the Apostles? John was there supporting Mary the mother of Jesus. We also know that Peter was hanging on in the back some where. What about the rest? I wonder if Judas showed up? We can only speculate.

Vs. 42-47 The Burial of Jesus

Vs. 42 Preparation Day- Friday before sunset was called the day of preparation since food and provisions were prepared ahead of time for the Sabbath (Saturday).

Vs. 43 Joseph of Arimathea was a respected member of the Sanhedrin and a closet follower of Jesus. He was looking for the Kingdom of God and probably hoped that Jesus was the promised Messiah. He boldly goes to Pilate and asks for the body of Jesus, what an act of incredible courage. He has nothing to gain and everything to lose. His associates on the council would have condemned his actions for sure. Being closely identified with one who was crucified as a ‘traitor’ would not commend him to the Romans either.

Vs. 44-45 Pilate is surprised and checks to see if Jesus was already dead. The centurion confirms that Jesus is dead. This is major a testimony! The Roman soldiers knew how to kill people, they were experts. They also knew when someone was dead or maybe just unconscious. Jesus was dead. There go all the modern theories about Jesus coming too later and living a life as a regular person. According to the Roman centurion, Jesus was dead. So Pilate gave permission to Joseph to take the body.

One wonders where all of the disciples of Jesus were? Why didn’t any of them come for the body? It was fortunate that Joseph of Arimathea came for Jesus because the Romans rarely surrendered the bodies of executed criminals to their friends or family. It is remarkable that Pilate surrendered the body of Jesus to Joseph.

Vs. 46 Joseph had Jesus taken down and he wrapped his body in a new linen shroud. Then he took him and laid him in a new tomb carved in rock and had the rock rolled in front of the entrance and closed up. According to the Gospel of John (19:39-42), Nicodemus helped Joseph. Matthew (27:60) tells us that the tomb was made for Joseph.

Vs. 47 As an interesting side note, apparently Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses observed the removal and burial of Jesus, and made plans to complete the preparation of the body on Sunday morning after the Sabbath was complete.Â But that was Friday, the whole world changed once and for all Sunday morning.

*Top

-LESSON 17: Mark 14b (27-72)

Dr. D — Mon, 27 Nov 2006 06:11:18 +0000

To read the verses studied below, just type in each verse or verses wanted, in the Bible Search to the left —–example: Mark 14:26—–>

Mark 14 -Things You Don’t See Every Day:

14:27-28 -Prophetic declaration

14:30- Prophecy of Peter’s denial

14:42- Prophetic Word of knowledge

Vs. 26-31 The Prophecy of Peter’s Denial

Vs. 26 After finishing their meal with a hymn, Jesus and his disciples left to spend the rest of the night on the Mount of Olives. Rather than going back to Bethany for the night (it was undoubtedly late by that time), they opted to camp in Jerusalem among the trees on the mount.

Vs. 27-28 Probably along the way, Jesus tells them that soon all of them would leave him and scatter. He is quoting Zechariah 13:7. However, he also says that they will meet again in Galilee after his resurrection. This kind of conversation had to be confusing to them. First of all, none of them were thinking about leaving, and the veiled reference to meeting again after he was ‘raised up’ would not have been meaningful to them in the context of that evening. All of the disciples denyÂ here that they are going to let Jesus down, particularly Peter.

Vs. 29-31Â Peter had enough of the ‘betrayal’ talk at the supper; here he boldly states that even if all the others take off, he’s going to stick it out with Jesus. Boldness can be a virtue at times. However, the Gospel of Luke (22:24-30) tells us that the twelve were arguing over who was the greatest among them, just before this. So Peter’s ‘boldness’ here probably comes from pride. Peter was emphatic: “If I must die with you, I will not deny you.”

Jesus tells Peter: “Truly, I tell you, (When Jesus says ‘truly’, it is always as good as done) this very night, before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.” As we shall see, it wasn’t long before this prophecy was fulfilled.

Vs. 32-42 Gethsemane

Vs. 32-34 Jesus and his disciples reach the Mount of Olives and continue on to the garden or orchard of Gethsemane on the lower slopes of the Mount. This was one of Jesus’ favorite places to go, particularly for prayer and meditation.

Jesus left eight of the apostles at the entrance to ‘watch’ and took Peter, James, and John with him to stand and support him in prayer. As we shall see, the three were really quite tired and not very supportive in his time of need. Jesus knew what was ahead of him and the torture and death that he would soon be facing and was quite sorrowful and actually in agony over it.

We know Jesus as the Divine Son of God and sometimes we forget that he was also human. He got hungry, tired, and he felt physical pain. Also, rejection by others would have bothered him like anyone else. Soon he was facing the ultimate rejection by his own people, and incredible amounts of physical torture and pain. Like anyone else, he would have liked to avoid such treatment if possible.

Vs. 35 It was usual for folk in those days to pray standing with hands raised, notice that he is so distressed that he just falls down to the ground. The account in Luke (22:39-46) tells us that he prayed in such great agony that The Father sent an angel to support and strengthen him.

Vs. 36 Notice that he addresses God as “Abba, Father”. ‘Abba’ (Aramaic) was what little children called their dads in those days. It was equivalent to our ‘Daddy’. Jesus asked his dad to change the plan if it was possible, so that he would not have to face what was ahead. If this seems to be a moment of weakness or vulnerability, it is proven not to be the case by what he says next: “Yet not what I will, but what you will.” Jesus says this in spite of the certainty and knowledge that soon he would face torture and cruel death.

Vs. 37-41a Three times, Jesus came back to his disciples and found them sleeping. They were not exactly giving him the prayer support that he was hoping for. Notice in vs. 37-38 that he singles out Peter:

“Simon, are you asleep? Could you not watch one hour? Watch and pray that you may not enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.”

There are lots of times in my own personal prayer life when I can’t seem to stay awake and I am reminded of this verse: “The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.” How true, at least in my experience. Jesus not only singled out Peter because he was one of the key leaders, but also because he knew that Peter would soon be facing his own temptation.

Vs. 41b-42 That was it, the time had come and Jesus knew that Judas would arrive any minute with the soldiers and betray him. Jesus knows what is coming, yet he goes straight ahead to face his capture, trial, torture and death. Praise God for his Son Jesus who came into the world to free us all and was willing to endure everything for our sake.

Vs. 43-52 The Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus

Vs. 43-45 Judas showed up that night with a whole gang of officials and Temple guards fully armed. He had probably observed Jesus slip away from crowds on numerous occasions and decided to leave nothing to chance. In the dim light flowing through the orchards on the Mount of Olives at night, it was necessary for Judas to personally identify Jesus so that the right man could be seized and arrested.

Regardless, the actions of Judas were despicable and infamous. Judas identified Jesus using a kiss and called him ‘Rabbi’, the traditional greeting between a student/disciple and his Master. Implying endearment and respect in the very act of betrayal.

Vs. 46-49Â The men with Judas immediately seized Jesus.Â Then the scene got rather chaotic for a while. One of the disciples of Jesus actually drew a sword at that point and cut off a servants’ ear. Mark leaves it at that, but John identifies the swordsman asÂ Peter and the servant as Malchus. Also, Luke tells us that Jesus healed the mans’ ear.

Then Jesus spoke and protested the treatment he was receiving. Was he leading some kind of armed rebellion? The expected answer was no. He pointed out that they could have easily arrested him as he taught in the Temple every day that week. Of course, the chief priests opted for a secret arrest in order to avoid a possible riot.

Vs. 50 Then all the disciples ran away and deserted Jesus, leaving him to face his destiny alone. It is obvious that the officials were only concerned with arresting Jesus and brought only enough soldiers to make the arrest and control the situation. They really didn’t try to arrest and pursue the disciples also. Since all of the disciples were able to avoid arrest.

Vs. 51-52 The reference to the ‘young man’ is found only in Mark and was probably John Mark himself, the author of the Gospel. A linen outer garment was an indication of wealth in those days, most were made of wool. According to early Christian tradition, the family of John Mark was wealthy and provided the upper room for the last supper and later on Pentecost. He probably tagged along with Jesus and the disciples following their meal that evening.

Vs. 53-65 Jesus On Trial: Before The Sanhedrin

Following his arrest, Jesus was taken to the high priest and before a hastily called session of the Sanhedrin. The trial of Jesus can be divided into two parts- first the religious trial before the Sanhedrin, and second the legal/political trial before Pilate and Herod Antipas (However, the Gospel of Mark does not include the appearance of Jesus before Herod).

The second trial was necessary because the Sanhedrin and the Jewish religious authorities did not have the legal right to carry out capitol punishment. The Roman authorities (including Pilate and their puppet King Herod) retained that legal right and power solely for themselves.

Vs. 55-59 Notice that the chief priest had already decided to have Jesus killed. The so-called trial was merely an opportunity to find the necessary pretense or excuse for carrying out their plans to eliminate Jesus. In their ‘religious’ trial, false testimony was entertained and condoned, even though there was little agreement among the so-called witnesses. All contrary to the Mosaic Law.

The Sanhedrin needed to find a reason within their religious laws to have Jesus condemned; but they also needed to be able to support and demonstrate that Jesus was guilty of a serious breech of Roman law (like treason) that would assure a sentence of death by the Roman authorities. The Jewish authorities were faced with a dilemma. Seemingly no charge could be constructed or found that would satisfy both the religious and legal requirements for a sentence of death. So what if Jesus did say that he could tear down and rebuild the Temple in 3 days? What would that mean to the Romans? They would never kill someone for making crazy statements.

Vs. 60-64 At this point, the Sanhedrin really had nothing to charge Jesus with, after all their efforts. Anyway, nothing that the Romans would be interested in. Then the high priest (Caiaphas-who remains unnamed in Mark) challenges Jesus to answer the charges. Jesus continues to remain silent. Finally, the high priest asks Jesus if he is the Messiah, ‘the Son of the Blessed (God)’. There were rumors that Jesus had made claims for himself that went beyond the title of Messiah- The Anointed One.

When Jesus answered: “I Am“, he used the personal name of God and actually was claiming it as his own and he was claiming to be Divine. Further more, using the ‘Son of Man’ title, he was claiming to be the divine figure represented in Daniel 7 who was to receive everlasting dominion over all the earth. The reaction from the high priest and the Sanhedrin was immediate. They all understood what he was claiming. It was blasphemy for sure and worthy of death.

Vs. 65 The groans and the shouts of the leaders were probably deafening at that point. Some left their seats and began to spit on Jesus and while others proceeded to hit him. The ‘respected’ council was nearly in a riot when the guards finally took him away.

I can never understand those scholars who teach that Jesus never claimed to be the divine Son of God. The reaction of the chief priests and scribes make it very clear what they believe that Jesus was declaring here. They finally had the charges that they needed from his very own mouth. 1. The religious Charge: Blasphemy–claims to be equal with God. 2. The legal Charge (For the Romans): Treason-Claims to be the Messiah–The true King of the Judah and the whole world (Dan. 7).

The entire Sanhedrin agreed to condemn Jesus to death, at least all of those who were present at this trumped up session. Not exactly the high point in the history of this venerated council.

Vs. 54,66-72 Peter’s Denial of Jesus

Vs. 54 All of the disciples of Jesus scattered at his arrest except Peter. Verse 54 records that Peter followed the procession at a distance and even ventured into the courtyard of the high priest. From that position, he was somewhat privy to the discussion of the Sanhedrin. Usually the council held their meetings near the Temple, but this hasty session was irregular in both time and place. Peter tried to blend in with the guards and servants as he warmed himself by the fire. One wonders what his plans were if any. Peter obviously hoped to make good on his boast that “Even though they all fall away, I will not.”

Vs. 66-68 While he was in the courtyard a servant girl recognized him declaring: “You also were with the Nazarene, Jesus.” Notice how Peter responds. He was obviously not prepared to answer. What a weak retort: “I neither know or understand what you mean.” Then he moves toward the gateway as the rooster crows the first time. One wonders what happened to Peter’s usual boldness. Was he intimidated by all of the religious leaders at the so-called trial? Did he fear for his own life? Was he beginning to question whether Jesus was really the one? Maybe it was a combination of all of the above?

Vs. 69-70 The servant girl saw Peter again by the gate and this time addressed those standing near by: “This man is one of them.” Again Peter denied it. The scripture indicates that some time passed and then those standing near by began to insist that Peter was surely one of those connected to Jesus: “Certainly you are one of them, for you are a Galilean.” This time Peter was really upset. He cursed and answered his accusers: “I do not know this man of whom you speak.” Immediately the rooster crowed a second time and Peter remembered what Jesus had said to him: “Before the rooster crows twice, you will deny me three times.” Peter had failed famously. Luke 22:61 tells us that Jesus turned and looked directly at him that very moment. As Peter thought about it he broke down and wept. He had failed the Lord and there was no way he could ever take it back. *Note: John Mark probably got this account from Peter himself. It should give us all hope.

*Top

-LESSON 16: Mark 14a (1-26)

Dr. D — Fri, 27 Oct 2006 04:59:45 +0000

To read the verses studied below, just type in each verse or verses wanted, in the Bible SearchÂ to the left —-example: Mark 14:1 —->

Mark 14 -Things You Don’t See Every Day:

14:9- Prophecy of remembrance of annointing

14:13-15 -Prophetic declaration

14:17- Prophetic word of knowledge

14:27-28 -Prophetic declaration

Vs. 1-2 The Plot To Kill Jesus

The chief priests and scribes have had enough of Jesus after several days with him teaching and disrupting business in the Temple. They now plot how and when to kill him. According to Mark, it was two days before Passover. This was the busiest time of the year in Jerusalem and in the Temple. Over 100,000 visitors came to Jerusalem during this season. A good share of the income for the Chief priests, from their Temple businesses, was made during the Passover. Now this Jesus was spoiling everything and challenging their authority in the process.

Notice that the priests and scribes are not in the least concerned about how God may react to their plan to kill Jesus. They are only concerned about how the crowds visiting in Jerusalem might react.Â This brings up a question. Did they really believe in God? If so, how could they have come to believe that Jesus was not from God? What about all the healings and miracles? Did they really believe that Jesus derived his power from Satan? What about those he raised from the dead? How was that possible without God’s help? Again, did they really believe in God? Nevertheless, they are more concerned about the crowds, and they seek a way to arrest Jesus secretly. Later, they find a willing accomplice in Judas Iscariot.

Vs. 3-9 The Annointing of Jesus

Jesus and his disciples had been staying in Bethany with Lazarus, Mary, and Martha. That night he was having dinner at the home of Simon the Leper, apparently known well enough by early Christians to be named. The ‘A woman’ is identified in John 12:3 as Mary the sister of Martha and Lazarus. Both the alabaster jar and the ‘nard’ perfume was extremely expensive. Mary and her brother and sister were wealthy folk, but this would have been quite costly even for them.

This event was substantially different than an anointing of Jesus by a ‘sinful’ woman which is recorded in Luke 7:36-50. That event happened early in the Ministry of Jesus in the home of a Pharisee, also named Simon. However, the message andÂ lesson taught by Jesus on that occasion is entirely different. Also in Luke, it is the Pharisee who judges Jesus, rather than the disciples being upset with the woman and the waste of financial resources as in Mark.

Vs. 4-5 “There were some…they scolded her.” In Matthew 26:8, they were identified as the disciples. Also, Judas Iscariot was singled out in John’s account (12:4-5). It should be noted that it was customary in those days to give gifts to the poor during Passover. A denarii was the usual daily wages for a laborer. If the perfume was worth 300 denarii, than it would be equal to a years wage, quite a substantial sum indeed.

Vs. 6-9 Here, Jesus tells the disciples to leave her alone, because the woman had done a beautiful thing and had anointed him for his burial beforehand. He prophesied that her actions will be remembered down through time, wherever the Gospel is preached, and so it has been. Sometimes the statement of Jesus here is quoted as an excuse for not helping the poor. However, his time on the earth was unique, the ‘one and only Begotten’ Son of God, the Co-Creator in the flesh; living, breathing, and ministering in the midst of his creation.

Vs. 10-11 Judas Plots To Betray Jesus

The Chief priests were looking for a way to do away with Jesus without creating a riot. Notice that it is Judas who comes to them, and they are glad. They finally have their opportunity. But why did Judas decide to betray Jesus? This a question that has plagued Bible students from the beginning. Mark does not really provide the answer.

What was the motivation for Judas? Was it for the money? The priests promise to give him money. Matthew 26:15 informs us that it was merely 30 pieces of silver, a pitiful sum considering. Luke 23:3 and John 13:2,27 indicate that Satan was inspiring the action. Yet we are informed by Jesus that none of it was outside the plan of God (Jn. 19:11) and Judas is to be condemned for his action. Some writers have speculated that Judas was trying to force Jesus to finally become the conquering Messiah that everyone expected. However, any motives that we may want to ascribe to Judas, are mere speculation since none of the gospels clearly resolve this issue and give us a definitive reason for the betrayal of Judas.

It is particularly shocking that the one who betrayed Jesus was one of his twelve closest associates. Judas was not only one of the leaders among the disciples of Jesus, but was actually the treasurer of the movement. It should also be noted that he was from the southern region of Judea rather than from Gallilee as the rest of the twelve. The implication is that he probably was the most educated of the Twelve, and he probably grew up with a cosmopolitan distain for those uneducated, uncultured, and unwashed folk from Gallilee. He may even had some familial ties with the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem. All speculation, but strong possibilities considering where he came from.

Judas was a leader among the disciples, he witnessed the miracles and participated in the healings, but as a Judean, he probably never felt like he was really ‘one of the guys’, at times he may have felt like an outsider. I believe that Satan may have used this insecurity as a gateway to gain influence over Judas.

Vs. 12-16 The Provision of The Upper Room

Vs. 12-13 The disciples ask Jesus about preparations for the Passover meal. This story is similar to the story of the donkey. Jesus prophetically sends two of his disciples to find the provider of the upper room.

Vs. 14-16 Notice the phrase: ‘The Teacher says’. Jesus must have been well known to the owner. Many Bible scholars believe that this ‘upper room’ became a gathering place for the disciples after the resurrection, and was the same place they were gathered in on ‘Day of Pentecost’ in Acts, and later when they were praying for Peter in Acts 12. This very well could have been the home of John Mark , the writer of this gospel, and his mother Mary (See: Acts 12:12). Finally, notice that everything was just as Jesus prophetically said it would be.

Vs. 17-21 ‘The Prophecy of Betrayal’ at The Last Supper

Vs. 17-19 The Passover meal was in progress when Jesus proclaimed that one of his closest twelve, who were right there eating with him, would actually end up betraying him. Each one reacted to the question, whether they might be the one (“is it I?”), only Judas and Jesus really knew the truth. The rest of the disciples must have been thinking that the betrayal would be in the distant future, since none of them were involved in a plot at the time. All were saddened by the prospect.

Vs. 20 The custom of eating Passover together was reserved for ones family or closest friends. The symbol of ‘dipping bread’ in a common bowl was a demonstration of the closest possible friendship and allegiance. That one of them (the closest of friends and companions) would actually betray Jesus was unthinkable in their culture, and a despicable act of the highest order. They would have questioned the possibility-surely it can’t be one of us. Jesus drives the horror home when he says: “It is one of the twelve, one who is dipping bread into the dish with me.”

Vs. 21a Jesus continues with the phrase in verse 21 : “For the Son of Man goes as it is written of him, “ Jesus is probably referring to Isaiah 53, the ‘suffering servant’ passage:

“He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth.”

Vs. 21b “But woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would be better for that man if he had not been born.”

One wonders what Judas was thinking when he heard this proclamation of Jesus. According to Jesus, Judas is culpable for his act of betrayal. The sacrifice of Jesus is the fulfillment of the plan of salvation, designed and ordained by The Father. The betrayal and death of Jesus was truly inspired by the devil. Yet, Judas remains responsible for his own actions.

Many have speculated and many have wondered, if it was possible for Judas to repent and be restored again like Peter was. Yet the query is left moot, since Judas did not repent but killed himself. Therefore, the full condemnation was deservedly his.

Vs. 22-26 The Lord’s Supper

Vs. 22 The guys were still eating and probably talking and enjoying themselves. Then Jesus took some bread, gave thanks, and broke it, giving some to each one of them. He said: “Take; this is my body.” The whole tone of the supper changed in a moment. I’m sure that all of a sudden you could have heard a pin drop.

The last time Jesus talked like this (John 6:51-58), most of his disciples turned their backs on him and left. The Twelve stayed with it, but I am sure the idea of eating the body and drinking the blood of Jesus was unsettling and confusing for sure. But I’m sure they sensed that something new and important was happening that night. Lot’s of times in the last several years, the disciples would just listen to Jesus without daring to ask for a clear explanation. It would still be a number of months before the Twelve would truly understand the events of that evening, and before the sacrifice of Jesus would become obvious and central to the faith.

Vs. 23-24 Next, Jesus took a cup and gave thanks over it and served it to them, saying: “This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.” Though the twelve may not have totally understood what Jesus was saying and doing here, the symbols of blood and sacrifice could not have been missed or more poignant during the Passover. The Passover was a celebration of the ‘older’ covenant between God and Israel. Here Jesus is instituting a ‘new’ covenant based upon his own sacrifice.

Vs. 25 The whole tone of the meal changed with this first ‘communion’. The disciples had grown up eating and celebrating the Passover, but this was different. Jesus continues: “Truly, I say to you, I will not drink again of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God.” The twelve probably wondered what this statement really meant. But soon events would overtake them all, and this would prove to be the last time Jesus would sit down and eat with all of them in this life. The next meal will be the Messianic banquet-the wedding supper of the Lamb (Rev.19:9).

Vs. 26 Notice that they culminate the meal with a hymn. It was a Passover tradition to sing the Hallel Psalms (Ps 115-118), usually singing the second half at the end of the meal. Then Jesus and his disciples leave and go to the Mount of Olives to spend the night.

*Top

-LESSON 15: Mark 13

Dr. D — Sat, 02 Sep 2006 00:08:17 +0000

To read the verses studied below, just type in each verse or verses wanted, in the Bible Search to the left ————-example: Mark 13:1 ——————->

Mark 13 -Things You Don’t See Every Day:

13:2- Prophecy of the destruction of the temple.

13:5-8 Prophecy of the destruction of the temple and the end times.

13:14-31 "

—Continue Below–>

Mark 13: The Olivet Discourse -’The Little Apocalypse’

Vs. 1-3 The Prophecy of The Destruction of The Temple

The disciples here are impressed with the huge and magnificent Temple of Herod. It was one of the architectural wonders of the ancient Roman world. Jesus takes them by total surprise by proclaiming and prophesying of the total destruction of the Temple. The followers of Jesus are still expecting Jesus to conquer the Romans and set up the ‘Messianic’ kingdom. After all, a couple of days ago he came into Jerusalem as the ‘Son of David’ riding on the back of a donkey with the shouts and adoration of the people. Now he is proclaiming that the Temple was going to be utterly destroyed! This had to be completely confusing to the disciples. Also, the last couple of days he was teaching in the Temple, challenging the Temple leaders and teachers, and cleaning out the Temple. It probably looked like he was intending to take over the place to his followers. Now he was prophesying of its destruction? Peter, James, John, and Andrew go privately to Jesus to find out what the deal is.

Note: In 70 AD, Jerusalem was attacked by the Roman army under Titus, and the Temple was utterly destroyed. The Soldiers took it apart one stone at a time in order to recover the ornamental gold which had melted into the cracks and crevices when the Temple was burned. The prophecy was completely fulfilled.

Vs. 4 The Ultimate Question

Peter, James, John, and Andrew were elected to ask Jesus the question on everyone’s mind. When is the Temple going to be destroyed, and the real underlying question which Jesus knew was on their minds but they do not officially ask: when are we all going to take over, and when is the "Messianic" kingdom going to be established after all? Jesus answers these two questions in the rest of the chapter. Some have referred to these passages as the ‘Little Apocalypse’, However, some of the references pertain to the generation of the disciples up to the events surrounding the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in 70 AD, while other references are for the very ‘end-times’ leading up to the Second Coming of Christ and the ushering in of the ‘Messianic’ Kingdom of God. The disciples did not envision a large parenthesis of time between these major events. For us, it provides some difficulty and some differences of opinion among Bible scholars in interpreting where to place all the events noted by Jesus. I believe that much of what Jesus talks about is relevant for both events, and for both time periods.

Vs. 5-8 Signs of The End -The Beginning of ‘Birth Pangs’

Many critics of the Bible have asserted that wars, earthquakes, and famines have happened in every generation of human history. This may be true. However, the prophecy of Jesus here is to look for a time that is more clearly defined by extraordinary catastrophic events. To also look for false leaders who are proclaiming that they are the expected ‘Messiah’ or the next or final embodiment of ‘Christ’.

Leading up to 70 AD, there were a number of leaders in Judea that rose up against the Roman Empire. Some believed that it was a good time to rebel against Rome because of succession battles that were on-going (there were four different Roman emperors in 69 AD) and rebellions and wars in far away places that were occupying the Roman armies. There had been a number of major earthquakes at the time, and famines were also numerous, many caused by the disruptions of war. All of these difficulties were quickly resolved, and soon the army of Titus was marching on Jewish cities and particularly Jerusalem.

One could say that our own times are marked with wars, famines in some places, and extreme problems and disasters brought on by weather. However, there are other signs to be aware of also. Jesus refers to these signs as the ‘beginning of birth pangs’. This analogy indicates that in the end-times, these type of events will proceed to get increasingly more numerous and more severe.

—Continue—>

Vs. 9-13 Witnessing In The Church Age

The counsel of Jesus to his disciples here in verses 9-13 is particularly pertinent for the early Christians and continues to be relevant even today, especially for missionaries.

Vs. 9 Local councils and Synagogues relates to Jewish towns and religious authorities, while governors and Kings are representative of Gentile authorities. The disciples were expecting to ‘rule’ in the Messianic Kingdom. Jesus is trying to prepare them for reality and the hard times they will soon be facing. One cannot imagine the turmoil that they were going through listening to what Jesus was telling them. After all, they had been constantly arguing among themselves who was going to be of greater authority in the Kingdom. Now Jesus was informing them that they were going to be subject not only to arrest by Jewish authorities, but also to Gentile rulers. What a come down this was. Most likely they didn’t accept any of this until after the death and resurrection of the Lord.

Vs. 10 And the gospel must first be proclaimed to all nations. (ESV)

This had to be very disappointing for the disciples to hear. They pretty much expected to rule over the whole World first and then teach all the people from a position of power. However, Jesus is saying that it is going to be the other way around. They are going to be subject to the interference of Jewish and Gentile authorities, and the ‘Messianic’ Kingdom that they expect to help rule in, isn’t going to happen until the ‘good news’ of Jesus is preached and proclaimed to every nation. The language of this statement includes all the Gentile nations! Even after the Resurrection and Pentecost, they were bringing the Gospel to only the Jews. Later the Apostles would take the Gospel to the Gentiles, particularly Paul and Peter. However, the World was a lot bigger place than they really knew. In the first generation, the disciples and their followers took Christianity to all of the Roman Empire and nearly all of the known World. ‘Doubting’ Thomas walked all the way to India and started a church that was still there when the Portuguese showed up over 1300 years later. As incredible as they did; Asia, Southern Africa, and the Americas were still untouched as the second generation began their ministry. Today, the Gospel is still in the process of being expanded and preached to every nation. There are still a few groups of people that have not been reached yet.

Vs. 11 This is good counsel for their time and for the entire church age down to our own generation. If Christians are persecuted and brought into court for spreading the Gospel, then they can expect the Holy Spirit to help them. Like Peter and John astonished the learned men in the Sanhedrin with their answers (Acts 4:1-21).

Vs. 12-13 And you will be hated by all for my name’s sake. But the one who endures to the end will be saved. (ESV)

This warning is for the disciples in the first century, and also all the followers of Jesus down to our time. Even close relatives and friends may betray those who serve the Lord Jesus. Nevertheless, we are called to endure and keep on keeping on, until the end of the age.

Rev. 2:10 tells us: Be faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life. Rom. 14:4: And he will be upheld, for the Lord is able to make him stand. (ESV)

This is the doctrine of ‘the perseverance of the saints’. Those who are truly followers shall endure to the end. Those who really do not have saving faith will not remain:

I John 2:19 They went out from us, but they were not of us; for if they had been of us, they would have continued with us. But they went out, that it might become plain that they all are not of us. (ESV)

Vs. 14-20 The Abomination of Desolation

The ‘Abomination of Desolation’ is the imagery used by Daniel 9:25-27. One fulfillment of Daniel’s prophecy took place nearly two hundred years before when the Greek army under Antiochus Epiphanes brought a statue into the Holy Place and sacrificed a pig. Jesus is prophesying that something similar is going to happen again. In 70 AD, Roman soldiers did bring in their pagan banners and profaned the Temple once more, before they burned and utterly destroyed it. Most Bible scholars expect that an end-time Temple will be rebuilt in the last days and will be desecrated once more by the Antichrist. The first century Christians living in Jerusalem took this prophesy seriously. When they saw the Roman armies circling the city, they immediately left Jerusalem and escaped to Pella, in the Trans-Jordan area.

Vs. 20 ‘The elect’ here are the people of God. The early church believed that they were spared when the Roman armies had to cut short their expedition in Judea and did not expand their campaign into the Trans-Jordan area where they had escaped. Many Bible scholars teach that in the last days, Jesus will come again in the nick of time to insure that the Jewish people in the end-times will not be completely destroyed by the Antichrist.

Vs. 21-23 False Christs and False Prophets

This continues the teaching of vs. 6. Many pseudo-Messiahs did break upon the scene before 70 AD. leading to the rebellion against Rome. For the early Christians, early heretics such as some of the Gnostic leaders seem to fit this scripture. Many Bible scholars believe that there will be numerous examples of such in the final moments of history. The Book of Revelation for example warns us to look out for the Antichrist and his False Prophet. However, it also tells us about Two Prophets of God who witness in the ‘last days’.

I have read or heard the theory that since Satan does not really know the future, he has a potential ‘antichrist’ prepared and ready to go in every generation. Only the hand of God holds back some of these evil leaders. Hitler, is an example of one evil man who tried to fulfill the role of the Antichrist.

What about prophets or ministers today, are all who perform signs and miracles by definition ‘false’? If so, the people of God could never be deceived. However, if God has genuine prophets and leaders performing healings, signs, and wonders that continue to be from the Holy Spirit, then this warning continues to have meaning for our us today and in the future. The people of God will have to continue to discern the ‘real’ from the ‘false’. Look at the ‘fruit’, does the ministry bring people to Christ and closer to God the Father and his Holy Spirit, or does it lead away from every genuine teaching of the Bible. This is the Scriptural test.

Vs. 24-25 Extreme Natural Disasters

These verses are similar to Joel 2:10,30-31, 3:15; Is. 13:10, 34:4; Amos 8:9, Eze. 32:7-8; just to name a few examples among the prophets portraying the ‘Day of The Lord’ and his coming. Natural disasters will precede the Second Coming of our Lord. Rev. 16:1-21 gives a more detailed picture of these events.

Vs. 26-27 Jesus Coming In The Clouds

The Second Coming of our Lord will not be in secret. Everyone will miraculously see him coming in the clouds "with great power and glory." He is not coming as a baby again, he is not going to be the ‘Christ Spirit reincarnated’, he will not be the Islamic 12th imam or the Mahdi. He will be the Jewish Messiah, Jesus of Nazareth, the Son of God coming back in power with all of ‘His people’ to establish his Kingdom. All the believers that are alive at his coming will be gathered from every direction of the globe to meet him in the air. Also, the Jewish folk will be gathered back in their land waiting and hoping for the coming of their Messiah.

Vs. 28-30 Parable of The Fig Tree

The fig tree previously in Mark represented Israel. The Jewish folk in the first century were expecting the coming of the Messiah and rebelled against Roman authority wanting to set up their own country. The Jewish Christians in the land were hoping for the same thing, only they were looking for Jesus to come back as Messiah. However, since Jesus had predicted the utter destruction of the Temple in that generation, one could have anticipated that when the fig tree (Judea) tried to extend its authority, destruction would be soon coming. The Jewish Christians bailed out as the Romans began to prepare for their attack. The destruction of the Temple and Jerusalem was completed within the lifespan of the disciples, in that first generation.

Many Bible scholars believe that the parable of the fig tree is also valid for interpreting the events for those who live during the ‘end-time’ generation. In this case, the fig tree represents the establishment of a Jewish nation once more, like modern Israel. That ‘the generation’ that witnesses the extension of Jewish national authority in the land once more, will witness the completion of all the ‘end-time’ events prophesied by Jesus in Mark 13 and elsewhere. Therefore, the parable of the fig tree is valid for both events answered by Jesus, it is good for the first Christian generation that witnessed the destruction of the Temple, and for the final generation who see the Lord coming again.

Vs. 31 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. (ESV)

Jesus wants his disciples to understand that he is not talking about possibilities here. These events are really going to happen. I am sure that the disciples were hoping that maybe their homes and country could somehow escape destruction. That maybe the Jewish folk in that generation could all be converted and that Jerusalem and the Temple would be spared. Jesus underlines it all for his followers–those in the first generation on through to the last. The Temple is going to be destroyed, all the catastrophic events of the ‘end-times’ are going to happen, and everything he ever said was going to be fulfilled.

Vs. 32 But concerning that day or that hour, no one knows, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father.

I have heard all sorts of theories about why Jesus may not have known exactly when he was coming back. Many contend that in his ‘bodily’ form that his knowledge was limited, and some contend that now that he has been ‘glorified’ that he surely now knows the ‘day or hour’. This of coarse is speculation which has little or no scriptural basis. Nevertheless, he did not inform his disciples then, and I doubt that he will provide the exact date to any prophet in the future. Beware of those who claim to know the time of his coming and set dates. They will always be wrong for sure! Jesus does give us enough clues to be looking and watching for his coming.

Vs. 33-37 Be On Guard, Be Alert, And Be Prepared!

Rather than telling his disciples or us when these events will take place, Jesus emphasizes here that we all should be watching and we should all be prepared to respond to the ‘signs of the times’. Particularly the ‘door man’ who as a servant should be prepared for the Masters return. this analogy fits the profile of the minister of the Lord Jesus Christ rather well. It was the responsibility of the ‘door man’ to wake up or warn all the rest of the servants when he saw his Lord approaching. the final counsel here from Jesus is for all of us:

What I say to you (the disciples), I say to everyone: ‘Watch’.

*Top

-LESSON 14: Mark 12

Dr. D — Fri, 04 Aug 2006 00:12:47 +0000

To read the verses studied below, just type in each verse or verses wanted, in the Bible Search to the left ————-example: Mark 12:1 ——————->

Mark 12 -Things You Don’t See Every Day:

12:15- Jesus prophetically knew that they were trying to trap him.

12:15-17 -The Roman coin and Caesar answer is truly inspired.

12:25 -Prophetic info.: The risen dead will not marry.

12:44 -Prophetic/word of knowledge-widow gave all she had.

Mark 12: Jesus Teaching in The Temple

Jesus began teaching in the Temple in the form of parables. Notice that after a while, the authorities began to perceive that Jesus was talking against them, particularly in the Parable of the Tenants.

Vs. 1-12 The Parable of The Tenants

The Vineyard in this parable represents Israel. The servants that the master sent represents the prophets, who were generally mistreated over the years. The Master’s Son, is Jesus who the religious authorities are trying to find a good reason to arrest and eliminate.

Jesus also represents the rejected stone of Psalm 118:22. The time is coming when he is going to put a cap on history and an end to the present age.

Vs. 13-17 Give To Caesar What is Caesar’s

Again the Pharisees, along with some Herodians, try to trap Jesus. They start out pretending to pay Jesus a complement, however Jesus perceives their hypocrisy. They are presenting Jesus with a clever ‘no win’ scenario. If Jesus says to go ahead and pay Roman taxes, then many of his supporters, especially Zealots, would probably abandon him, so these ‘smart guys’ reason. On the other hand, if Jesus tells them not to pay the taxes, then they can charge him with treason before the Roman authorities. Actually, quite a brilliant plan. However, Jesus sees the trap and resolves the question in such a way that even the ‘smart guys’ were amazed. Notice that he ends with: “and to God what is God’s”-after all, God is really the ultimate authority.

Vs 18-27 Marriage and The Resurrection

Next, a bunch of Sadducees, who don’t believe in the Resurrection, try to demonstrate the crazy problems one might experience in the Resurrection if one had been remarried a number of times. After seven marriages, who would one be married to in the after life? This was probably one of the favorite unsolvable questions that they usually presented to their ‘smart’ Pharisee adversaries (who believed in the resurrection). No one had ever been able to solve the problem before, but Jesus spoke with unusual authority and proclaimed that there will be no marriage in the life to come. Then he deals brilliantly with the real question and demonstrates the truth of the resurrection and the after life, by quoting from the Pentateuch (first five books) the only scriptures that the Sadducees fully recognized. Jesus, quoting from Exodus 3:1-6, citing God himself as proof for the continuing existence of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in an after life. The Sadducees had to be surprised and totally defeated by this answer.

Vs. 28-34 The Greatest Commandment

The final question of the day posed to Jesus, comes from one of the scibes or teachers. This seems to be a genuine query rather than a trap. This teaching of Jesus is valid for Christians also, and not just a matter of Mosaic law. We are called today to love the Lord our God with all our heart, soul, mind, and strength. Secondly, we are called to love others as ourselves. Notice that this teacher agrees with Jesus and states that these two commandments were more important than “all burnt offerings and sacrifices.” Jesus commends this teacher: “You are not far from the Kingdom of God.” Later, after the resurrection of Christ, many scribes and teachers joined the early Christian church, perhaps this teacher was one of those. I love the last line of verse 34: “And from then on no one dared ask him any more questions.” Obviously, Jesus demonstrated his superiority that day, over the smartest and the best educated men in Judea.

Vs. 35-40 Whose Is The One With Real Authority?

Now Jesus teaches in the temple to a large crowd, and they listened to him with wonder and delight. All the ‘smart guys’ were gone, they had enough, but the regular folk received it all with pleasure.

Jesus in his first teaching in the temple courts, points out that according to the scriptures, the Christ (the Messiah or the ‘annointed one’) was supposed to be a descendant (a son) of King David, and yet in Psalm 110:1, David refers to his descendant as ‘Lord’. How can this be? Jesus does not answer his own question here, but leaves it hanging.

The answer: If the Messiah was merely David’s descendant (son), than David would naturally hold the primary position of authority. However, Jesus was the Messiah and he was a descendant of David, but he was also the Son of God. Therefore, David recognized his own descendant, as his Lord and his superior.

Jesus continues in his teaching by pointing out that those teachers of the Law, who demand respect and positions of authority, who seek honor and commendation, are really hypocrites. They may be rewarded in this life, but will receive the opposite from God in the future.

Vs. 41-44 The Widow’s Offering

Jesus and his disciples watched as people filed in to give money to the temple treasury. A whole lot of rich folks came in with all sort of ‘pomp and circumstance’ and gave huge amounts of money to the temple. I am sure that the disciples were appropriately impressed. Among the crowd was a poor humble widow who dropped in two small copper coins. She contribution would have probably gone unnoticed except for maybe a sneer by the priest overseeing the collection. Undoubtedly the disciples were unimpressed–but Jesus knew something that they did not know. The widow gave all she had. Now that is really impressive!

*Top

-LESSON 13: Mark 11

Dr. D — Tue, 11 Jul 2006 00:16:04 +0000

To read the verses studied below, just type in each verse or verses wanted, in the Bible Search to the left ————-example: Mark 11:1 ——————->

Mark 11 -Things You Don’t See Every Day:

11:2-3 Jesus prophetically knows about the colt and predicts the response.

11:13,20 Jesus curses a fig tree. It is withered the next time they see it.

Mark 11: The Triumphal Entry of Jesus Into Jerusalem:

Vs. 11:1-7 Jesus and The Colt

Jesus tells his disciples about a colt in the next village that he needs, and predicts the response. Can you imagine what an uproar there would be today, if some strangers came into a neighborhood and tried to take a car? Then said that some visiting preacher needed it? The event turned out just as Jesus predicted, and the faith of the disciples would have been increased in the process. Which was important, considering the events ahead.

Vs. 8-11 The Triumphal Entry

Jesus rides the colt into Jerusalem as branches are spread before him and with disciples going before and after him shouting:

… “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David! Hosanna in the highest!”

What an incredible scene that must have been. It was a direct fulfillment of Zechariah 9:9:

Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout aloud, O daughter of Jerusalem!

behold, your king is coming to you; righteous and having salvation is he,

humble and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.

Jesus goes straight to the temple and looks around at everything, then leaves and spends the night at Bethany. Probably at Mary, Martha, and Lazarus’ place.

***Continue—->

Vs. 12-14 Jesus Curses a Fig Tree

The passage tells us that Jesus was hungry, and seeing a fig tree in the distance, went to it to get some fruit. It was barren with only leaves. The text tells us it was not the season for figs to bear fruit. Nevertheless, Jesus curses the fig tree and proclaims that no one shall ever eat from it again. The disciples witnessed this interlude. Why did Jesus curse the tree, and what is the significance of this event?

First of all, ’fig trees’ were one of the symbols of Israel. As the fig tree in this passage had an abundance of leaves, which showed promise, but no fruit; so also Israel with its huge temple looked to have outward religious significance, without the fruit that the Lord was looking for. As Jesus had cursed the tree, so also would he curse Israel and its fine temple–the day would come that “not one stone would be left upon another” (Lk 19:44).

Vs. 15-19 Jesus Spends the Day in Jerusalem and Clears the Temple

vs. 15,16- Jesus overturns the tables and the booths of business in the temples. There were actual businesses selling animals and products for temple sacrifice. There was even a money changing booth, because the Roman money with the image of Caesar on it was considered a sacrilege. That money had to be exchanged for ‘temple’ coins. Apparently, these businesses were not entirely honest, and actually cheated the people who came to worship in God’s temple. Jesus was full of righteous indignation.

vs. 17- Jesus stayed all day in the temple teaching. The Greek word here denotes a regular extended systematic teaching, rather than just a proclamation.

vs. 18- The chief priests observed the actions of Jesus and heard his teaching. They were trying to figure out a way to stop him, but they were afraid of the crowds of people following him. He had obviously put a dent in their income that day. They were using their positions to gain vast amounts of wealth through cheating temple worshippers. They were now ready to do anything to get rid of Jesus, even go to the Romans, who they usually had little or no dealings with, if at all possible.

vs. 19- When evening came, they left the city once more. Probably back to Bethany where they had lots of friends and some degree of protection.

Vs. 20-26 A Lesson from the Withered Fig Tree

The next morning, Jesus and his disciples pass by the fig tree that Jesus had cursed the day before and it was withered. Jesus uses this example as an object for teaching ‘faith’ to his group. The disciples were amazed that the word of Jesus had been fulfilled so quickly.

vs. 22-24 Have faith and you can remove mountains, believe and what you pray for will be given to you (my paraphrase). This really isn’t a matter of ‘claiming’ what you want and if you have enough, or the ‘right kind’ of faith, you will receive it. One could never ‘work’ hard enough to get this kind of effective faith–that is, the kind that literally moves mountains. That kind of faith comes only through the Holy Spirit. It is God given faith in order to achieve God given tasks and goals which he inspires. Nevertheless, God gives people the privilege to play a major part in the process, to step out in faith. e.g.: Elijah calls down fire from heaven; Jonathan attacks a whole army of Philistines with just his armor bearer; David battles Goliath, etc. Also The Father honors those who seek a greater faith and relationship with him.

vs. 25 Jesus teaches another important lesson in this verse. If you do want your prayers to be answered, make sure you have forgiven everyone and have no grudges against anyone. Then the Heavenly Father will be able to forgive you also; and you will be in a better relationship with God, having nothing to obstruct and to get in the way of your prayers being fulfilled.

Vs. 27-33 The Authority of Jesus is challenged Once More

Jesus and his disciples enter the temple once more and are confronted by a group of ‘chief priests’, teachers, and elders. They ask Jesus:

“By what authority are you doing these things, or who gave you this authority to do them?”

Jesus answers them by asking them to comment on the origin of John’s baptism (John the Baptist): “was it from God or men? Tell me.”

Notice that the priests are only concerned about their own positions and the opinion of the people. They really don’t seem to care whether the ministry of John, or Jesus for that matter, was ordained by God. In this, they condemn themselves and the conversation and the judgment is really over. They are trying to judge Jesus, but in the process, they themselves are tested and found wanting.

*Top